Lab Resources

General Resources

Palette Generator

Create beautiful color palettes for figures and visualizations. Click the first or last color to customize your palette endpoints.

Palette Type

Number of Colors

3 8

#003F5C

#58508D

#BC5090

#FF6361

#FFA600

In Context

DOI to Bibliography

Convert DOI to formatted citations in BibTeX, APA, MLA, or other formats. Paste any DOI and get publication-ready citations.

Enter DOI Digital Object Identifier (DOI):
Accepts DOIs in various formats:
• 10.1038/nature12373
• doi:10.1038/nature12373
• https://doi.org/10.1038/nature12373
• http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature12373

The tool will automatically handle different formats and retrieve bibliographic data directly from publishers via CrossRef.

Citation Format Citation Formats:
• BibTeX: For LaTeX documents and reference managers
• APA: American Psychological Association style
• MLA: Modern Language Association style
• Chicago: Chicago Manual of Style
• Vancouver: Common in medical journals
• Harvard: Author-date citation style

Format is retrieved directly from publisher metadata via CrossRef.

Citation

Power Analysis Calculator

Calculate statistical power, sample size, or effect size for t-tests. Enter any three parameters to calculate the fourth.

Test Type Statistical Test Type:
• Two Sample: Compare means between two independent groups (e.g., treatment vs control)
• One Sample: Compare a single group mean against a known value or hypothesis
• Paired: Compare paired observations (e.g., before/after measurements on same subjects)

Alternative Alternative Hypothesis:
• Two-sided: Effect could be in either direction (most common, tests if groups differ)
• Greater: One-sided test, expecting the first group to be larger
• Less: One-sided test, expecting the first group to be smaller

Two-sided tests are more conservative and generally recommended unless you have strong directional predictions.

Sample Size (n) Sample Size: Number of subjects per group (for two-sample) or total subjects (for one-sample/paired). This is what you need to determine for study planning, or what you actually collected for post-hoc analysis.

Planning tip: Larger samples detect smaller effects but require more resources. Aim for the minimum n that gives adequate power.

Effect Size (Cohen's d) Effect Size (Cohen's d): Standardized measure of the difference between groups.

Interpretation:
• |d| < 0.2: Negligible effect
• |d| = 0.2: Small effect
• |d| = 0.5: Medium effect
• |d| = 0.8: Large effect

Estimation sources: Previous literature, pilot studies, or theoretical expectations. Use the Cohen's d calculator below if you have means and SDs.

Alpha Level Alpha Level (α): Probability of Type I error - incorrectly rejecting a true null hypothesis (false positive rate).

Common values:
• 0.05 (5%): Standard in most fields
• 0.01 (1%): More stringent, reduces false positives
• 0.10 (10%): Less stringent, sometimes used in exploratory research

Lower α values require larger samples to maintain power.

Power (1-β) Statistical Power (1-β): Probability of correctly detecting a true effect when it exists (1 minus Type II error rate).

Common values:
• 0.80 (80%): Minimum acceptable in most fields
• 0.90 (90%): Higher standard, more stringent
• 0.95 (95%): Very high power, requires large samples

Higher power reduces the chance of missing real effects but requires larger sample sizes.

Results

Cohen's d Calculator

Calculate effect size from means and standard deviations using the formula: d = (M₁ - M₂) / pooled SD

Mean 1 Mean 1 (M₁): Average value for the first group or condition.

Examples:
• Control group mean
• Pre-treatment measurement
• Baseline condition average

Units should match Mean 2 for meaningful comparison.

Mean 2 Mean 2 (M₂): Average value for the second group or condition.

Examples:
• Treatment group mean
• Post-treatment measurement
• Experimental condition average

The difference (M₁ - M₂) determines the direction and magnitude of the effect.

SD 1 Standard Deviation 1: Measure of variability in the first group.

Important: Must be in same units as the means. Larger SD indicates more spread in the data.

Source: Calculate from your data using sample standard deviation (dividing by n-1), not population SD.

SD 2 Standard Deviation 2: Measure of variability in the second group.

Formula context: Both SDs are used to calculate the pooled standard deviation: √[(SD₁² + SD₂²)/2], which standardizes the mean difference.

This creates a unit-free effect size comparable across studies.

Lab Resources

Colonies.

Live tracking of mouse who/where.

Live Data.

Real time ephys traces from all ongoing recordings. Check 'em frequently!

Keith's Zoom Room.

Direct access to Keith's personal Zoom meeting room for lab meetings and discussions.

Lab Resources

General Resources

Palette Generator

DOI to Bibliography

Citation

Power Analysis Calculator

Results

Cohen's d Calculator

Lab Resources

Colonies.

Live Data.

Keith's Zoom Room.

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